2018年6月英語六級(jí)考試真題及答案5（第3套）

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

If you've ever started a sentence with,"If I were you..."or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there's a scientific reason behind it.Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices,but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.

The problem is"decision fatigue,"a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,says Evan Polman,a leading psychologist.

Physicians who have been on the job for several hours,for example,are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so."Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,"Polman says.

But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else,they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker,one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,"he says."It's as if there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."

Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process;it often also includes riskier choices.While this sounds undesirable,it can be quite good,says Polman."When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo(現(xiàn)狀),"he says."But the status quo can be problematic,since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."

In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward,some level of risk is almost always essential."People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,"he says,"That's not to say that risk is always good,but it is related to taking action whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊惱)of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered."

Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself,Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,"he says,adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.

51.What does the author say about people making decisions?

A)They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.

B)They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.

C)They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.

D)They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.

52.What does the example about the physicians illustrate?

A)Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.

B)Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients'health.

C)Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.

D)Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.

53.When do people feel less decision fatigue?

A)When they take decision shortcuts.

B)When they help others to make decisions.

C)When they have major decisions to make.

D)When they have advisers to turn to.

54.What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?

A)They turn to physicians for advice.

B)They tend to make risky decisions.

C)They adopt a totally new perspective.

D)They refrain from trying anything new.

55.What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?

A)It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.

B)It is likely to entail serious consequences.

C)It will enable people to be more creative.

D)It will more often than not end in regret.

【參考答案】

51-55：ACBDA

【參考譯文】

如果你曾經(jīng)用“如果我是你……”或者你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己為一個(gè)決定的痛苦而撓頭，而這個(gè)決定的答案是非常清楚的，這背后有一個(gè)科學(xué)的原因。我們自己的決策能力可能會(huì)在一天中耗盡，導(dǎo)致優(yōu)柔寡斷或做出糟糕的選擇，但替別人做選擇是一項(xiàng)愉快的任務(wù)，不會(huì)遇到同樣的問題。

主要心理學(xué)家埃文•波爾曼(Evan Polman)表示，問題在于“決策疲勞”，這是一種心理現(xiàn)象，在漫長(zhǎng)的一天決策之后，你的選擇質(zhì)量會(huì)受到影響。

例如，在工作了幾個(gè)小時(shí)的醫(yī)生，在不明智的情況下更可能給病人開抗生素。波爾曼說:“這可能是因?yàn)?，開處方，考慮到病人的情況已經(jīng)結(jié)束，而不是進(jìn)一步調(diào)查，這很簡(jiǎn)單，也很容易?！?/p>

但當(dāng)你為別人做決定時(shí)，決策疲勞就會(huì)消失。當(dāng)人們把自己想象成顧問，把自己的選擇想象成別人的選擇時(shí)，他們就不會(huì)那么累，也不會(huì)那么依賴于做出這些選擇的捷徑?！巴ㄟ^扮演顧問而不是決策者的角色，一個(gè)人不會(huì)遭受決策疲勞的后果，”他說?！熬秃孟褡龀鰟e人的選擇是一件有趣而又自由的事情。”

從別人那里獲得信息不僅提供了一個(gè)全新的視角和思維過程，而且通常還包括風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大的選擇。波爾曼說，雖然這聽起來不受歡迎，但也可能相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)?！爱?dāng)人們經(jīng)歷決定了疲勞,他們厭倦了做出選擇,但是他們傾向于選擇現(xiàn)狀(現(xiàn)狀),”他說?！暗F(xiàn)狀可能存在問題，因?yàn)樾袆?dòng)過程的改變有時(shí)可能很重要，并導(dǎo)致積極的結(jié)果。”

為了獲得成功的結(jié)果或回報(bào)，某種程度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)幾乎總是必不可少的。“決定容易疲勞的人可能會(huì)選擇什么都不做的東西,”他說,“這并不是說,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)總是好的,但它與采取行動(dòng)而決定疲勞確實(shí)導(dǎo)致無所作為和可能的懊惱(懊惱)的決策者可能更喜歡新的課程,但不幸的是阻礙?！?/p>

波爾曼警告說，僅僅因?yàn)槟隳転閯e人做出好的選擇，并不意味著你也會(huì)為自己做出同樣的選擇。他說:“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性為他人爭(zhēng)取的薪水比她們?yōu)樽约籂?zhēng)取的高?！?/p>

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2018年6月英語六級(jí)考試真題及答案匯總（第3套）