2019年社工考研英語二真題及答案解析匯總

2019年社工考研英語二真題及解析（1-20題）

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1____ , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2____ .

As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 ____on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 ____the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5____ my goals.

I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6____ of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7____ altering your training program. The most 8____ changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.

For these 9____ , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10. Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11____ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12____ any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13____ my training program.

I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 ____ to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15____ and dropping weight, this is a 16____ that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.

The 17____ to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18____ morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19____ I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.

Rather than 20____ over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.

1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise [D]However

2.[A]helps[B]cares [C]warns[D]reduces

3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally

4.[A]recording[B]lowering [C]explaining[D]accepting

5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review[D]reach

6.[A]definition[B]depiction [C]distribution[D]prediction

7.[A]due to [B]regardless of[C]aside from [D]along with

8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise [D]immediate

9.[A]claims [B]judgments [C]reasons[D]methods

10.[A]instead[B]though [C]again [D]indeed

11.[A]track [B]overlook [C] conceal[D]report

12.[A]depend on[B]approve of[C]hold onto [D]account for

13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm[D] prepare

14.[A]results [B]features[C]rules [D]tests

15.[A]bored[B]anxious [C]hungry[D]sick

16.[A]principle[B]secret [C]belief [D]sign

17.[A]request [B]necessity [C]decision[D]wish

18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising [C]restricting[D]consuming

19.[A]if because[B]unless[C]until [D]consuming

20.[A]obsessing [B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphing

1-20參考答案及解析：

1. [答案] 【D】 However

[解析] 此處是邏輯關(guān)系考點(diǎn)。前面說到定期稱重可以幫助我們關(guān)注自身體重的明顯變化，這是正面描述，但是后面說的是負(fù)面描述，我們可以從詞匯hurt上面感覺到語氣的轉(zhuǎn)變，所以，我們這里選擇D,However（然而）. 所給的答案中[A]Besides(除此之外)，[B] Therefore（因此）， [C]Otherwise(否則)，意思都不符合題意。

2. [答案] 【A】helps

[解析] 此處是考查詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。所在的句子的意思是說：這種習(xí)慣的壞處有時(shí)候要比...多，很明顯想表達(dá)的意思是弊大于利，所以處應(yīng)該寫表示利的同義詞，這里所給的答案中，A helps(有幫助)復(fù)合題意，其他[B]cares（關(guān)心），[C] warns（警告）,[D] reduces（減少）帶入句中都不符合題意。

3. [答案] 【B】solely

[解析] 此處是詞匯考查。所在的句子的意思是：每天稱重會(huì)讓我轉(zhuǎn)譯注意力到體重的數(shù)值上，而不是寬泛的身體健康上。此處和后面的4題的數(shù)值也很匹配，所以答案是B solely表示僅僅。而其他答案[A] initially(最初地)[C]occasionally(偶爾地) [D] formally（正式地）都不合題意。

4. [答案] 【B】lowering

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。所在的句子的意思和上文3的意思想對(duì)應(yīng)，我雖然體重增加是由于肌肉的增強(qiáng)，但是我所想的是體重秤上的數(shù)字增大了，所以會(huì)關(guān)注怎樣把數(shù)字降下來，所以這里應(yīng)該選擇是B （lowering）降低的意思。 其他選項(xiàng)[A]recording(記錄) [C]explaining（解釋）[D]accepting（接受）都不能表達(dá)此意。

5. [答案] 【D】reach

[解析] 此處是固定搭配題。達(dá)到目的是reach the goal這句話的意思是：上面的關(guān)注點(diǎn)的改變和我為了達(dá)到目的鍛煉身體的計(jì)劃相違背。和目標(biāo)goal相匹配的是reach。 其它選項(xiàng)[A]modify（修改）[B]set（設(shè)立）[C]review（復(fù)習(xí)）都不符合題意。

6. [答案] 【B】depiction

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。所在的句子在這段話的首句，和上段是并列的位置，我們可以從用詞also看出其中的邏輯。所以這段話說的是這個(gè)關(guān)注點(diǎn)改變的不利方面。前面是精準(zhǔn)的（accurate）, 后面應(yīng)該是數(shù)值顯示的意義，所以這里B 答案depiction (描述)是復(fù)合題意的。其它選項(xiàng)[A]definition（定義）[C]distribution（分配）[D]prediction（預(yù)測）都不符合題意。

7. [答案] 【A】due to

[解析] 此處是短語辨析題?？此诰渥拥囊馑际牵河捎谟?jì)劃的調(diào)整，三個(gè)星期到一個(gè)月后，我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我的體重有明顯的變化。[A]due to表示因?yàn)?，?fù)合題意。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)[B]regardless of（盡管）[C]aside from（除了）[D]along with（隨著）帶入句子都通順，所以不入選。

8. [答案] 【D】immediate

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。這句話的意思是：最明顯的改變將會(huì)體現(xiàn)在技能水平，力量和尺寸三個(gè)方面。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)[A]orderly（有順序的）[B]rigid（嚴(yán)肅的）[C]precise（精準(zhǔn)的）和后面changes 搭配都不符合句意。

9. [答案] 【C】reasons

[解析] 此處是固定搭配辨析題。由于這個(gè)原因（For these judgments）,我停止了每天稱重并且改為每月兩次稱重的頻率。其它選項(xiàng)：[A]claims（要求，索賠），[B]judgments(判斷)，[D]methods（方法）帶入都不符合題意。

10. [答案] 【A】instead

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。所在的句子是在描述兩個(gè)不同的現(xiàn)象，所以有取代關(guān)系，我們選擇A instead表示取而代之，復(fù)合題意，其它選項(xiàng) [B]though（盡管），[C]again（又再）[D]indeed（確實(shí)）都不符合題意。

11. [答案] 【A】track

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。所在句子的意思是：因?yàn)榻刁w重不再是我的目標(biāo)，所以每周都跟蹤我的體重就變得不再重要。所以我們選擇A track表示的是跟蹤。其它選項(xiàng)：[B] overlook（忽視）[C] conceal（隱藏）[D] report（報(bào)道）都不符合題意。

12. [答案] 【D】account for

[解析] 此處是邏輯和固定搭配辨析題。這句話的意思是：每隔兩周稱重可以使我觀察到明顯變化并會(huì)找到變化的原因。所以我們選擇D account for 表示解釋的意思。其它選項(xiàng)：[A]depend on（依據(jù)），[B]approve of（同意）[C]hold onto（堅(jiān)持）都不符合題意。

13. [答案] 【B】adjust

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。這里根據(jù)上文說的每兩周稱重的好處，下面的句子是說這一切可以告訴我何時(shí)調(diào)整我的鍛煉計(jì)劃。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，我們可以找到B adjust 調(diào)節(jié)是正確的選擇項(xiàng)。其他選項(xiàng)：[D]prepare（準(zhǔn)備）[A]share（分項(xiàng)）[C] confirm（斷言）都不符合題意。

14. [答案] 【A】results

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。 根據(jù)句子尾部的as well, 我們可以知道這句話的意思是對(duì)上一段的延續(xù)，表達(dá)的是：我利用我的體重增加的數(shù)量可以了解我的營養(yǎng)攝入情況。所以這里選擇A results 表達(dá)增重的結(jié)果。其它選項(xiàng)[B]features（特點(diǎn)）[C]rules（規(guī)則）[D]tests（實(shí)驗(yàn)）都不符合題意。

15. [答案] 【C】hungry

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。這句話主要是承接上文說到的營養(yǎng)攝入，所以我們選擇C hungry 表示饑餓，和后面體重下降也有因果邏輯關(guān)系。其它選項(xiàng): [A]bored(煩悶的)，[B]anxious（焦慮的），[D]sick（有病的）都不符合題意。

16. [答案] 【D】sign

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。所在的句子表達(dá)的意思是：上面的現(xiàn)象是一種跡象，題型我需要增加日常的卡路里的攝入，和上文講到的營養(yǎng)攝入相呼應(yīng)。其它選項(xiàng)：[A]principle（原則）[B]secret（秘密）[C]belief（信仰）都不符合題意。

17. [答案] 【C】decision

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。前面有定冠詞，所以此處應(yīng)該是名詞，這句話表達(dá)的意思是稱重計(jì)劃的改變對(duì)我自身已經(jīng)有了明顯的效果。Wonders是個(gè)積極面的詞匯，所以這件事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，選擇C decision 是最符合題意的。 其它選項(xiàng)：[A]request（要求），[B]necessity（必要性），[D]wish（愿望）都不符合題意。

18. [答案] 【A】disappointing

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。處應(yīng)該是形容詞，修飾后面的morning, 這句話的意思是說：我不再擔(dān)心早上會(huì)增加體重，之前只要發(fā)現(xiàn)增加體重就會(huì)感到失望，所以我們選擇Adisappointing（令人失望的）。其它選項(xiàng)： [B]surprising（令人驚奇的），[C]restricting（限制性的）[D]consuming（浪費(fèi)的）都不符合題意。

19. [答案] 【A】because

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。前后的邏輯關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，句意是：因?yàn)槲腋鶕?jù)我的目標(biāo)而不是數(shù)值鍛煉身體，所以我成功取得了健身的效果。所以A because表示原因復(fù)合題意。其他選項(xiàng)：[B]unless（除非）[C]until（直到）[D] if（如果）都不符合題意。

20. [答案] 【A】obsessing

[解析] 此處是詞義辨析題。所在的句子rather than的意思是而不是，所以后面應(yīng)該是關(guān)注體重?cái)?shù)值，所以，我們選擇A obsessing 表達(dá)的意思是沉迷于，這句話的意思是：與沉迷于數(shù)值不同，把關(guān)注點(diǎn)放在自我感受，衣服的寬松和整體的能量上才是更好的。 其它選項(xiàng)[B]dominating （統(tǒng)治的）[C]puzzling（迷惑的）[D]triumphing（成功的）都不符合題意。

2019年社工考研英語二真題及解析（21-25題）

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text 1

Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.

In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.

And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.

Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.

In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.

“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”

21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.

A）regulate a child's basic emotions

B）improve a child's intellectual ability

C）foster a child’s moral development

D）intensity a child's positive feelings

22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.

A）deceptive

B）burdensome

C）addictive

D) deception

23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.

A）emotions are context-independent

B）emotions are socially constructive

C）emotional stability can benefit health

D）an emotion can play opposing roles

24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.

A. may help correct emotional deficiencies

B. can result from either sympathy or guilt

C. can bring about emotional satisfaction

D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts

25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.

A. teachings

B. discussions

C. restrictions

D. wrongdoings

21-25參考答案及解析：

21.【答案】[C]foster a child’s moral development

【解析】根據(jù)題干Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.內(nèi)容定位到第一段最后一句This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. 由最后一句的this指代詞，可知原因在第一段的前幾句，根據(jù)第一句Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. 和第二句Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. 可知內(nèi)疚不是天生的，而是和一個(gè)孩子的道德規(guī)范有關(guān)，是通過后天學(xué)習(xí)獲得的。因此答案是C 選項(xiàng) foster a child’s moral development。

22.【答案】[B]burdensome

【解析】根據(jù)題干According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.定位到第二段第一句In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. 另外第二句It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. 也進(jìn)一步解釋了第一句。由這兩句可知許多人認(rèn)為內(nèi)疚是不好的，令人不舒服的，讓人感覺沉重，就像是衣服口袋里有石頭一樣，因此答案為B選項(xiàng)burdensome。

23.【答案】[D]an emotion can play opposing roles

【解析】根據(jù)題干Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.中的關(guān)鍵詞Vaish定位到第二段第四句，根據(jù)第四句中的adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. 可知這種復(fù)興是更大的認(rèn)識(shí)的一部分，即情緒不是二元情感，在一個(gè)情境中有利的情緒，在一個(gè)情景中可能是有害的。其中第4句中的revival和題干中的rethinking對(duì)應(yīng)，第四句中的recognition和題干中的awareness對(duì)應(yīng)，因此答案是D 選項(xiàng) an emotion can play opposing roles。

24.【答案】[B]can result from either sympahty or guilt

【解析】根據(jù)題干Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______. 定位到第四段第三句 In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. 根據(jù)第三句可知內(nèi)疚和和同情可能代表了通往合作和分享的不同的路徑?？梢缘贸?，答案是B 選項(xiàng)can result from either sympahty or guilt。

25.【答案】[D]wrongdoings

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞transgressions可以定位到第五段第二句Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. 根據(jù)第二句中的 feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. 可以看到negative emotions 來源于transgressions. 而negative emotions表示負(fù)面情緒是貶義的，因此對(duì)比4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，可以得出答案是D選項(xiàng)wrongdoings.

2019年社工考研英語二真題及解析（31-35題）

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text 3

American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.

Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.

Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.

Mechanization isn’t the answer, either—not yer, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.

As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.

The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.

In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.

31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?

A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.

B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.

C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.

D. Decline of job opportunities U.S. agriculture.

32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is.

A. the rising number of illegal immigrants

B. the high mobility of crop workers

C. the lack of experienced laborers

D. the aging of immigrant farm workers

33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?

A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.

B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.

C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.

D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.

34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its.

A. slow granting procedures

B. limit on duration of stay

C. tightened requirements

D. control of annual admissions

35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?

A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?

B. Import Food or Labor?

C. America Saved by Mexico?

D. Manpower vs. Automation?

31-35參考答案及解析：

31.【答案】[C]  Flaws in U. S. immigratinon rules for farm workers.

【解析】題干為What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?原文第一段第三句The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.可知如果不修改農(nóng)場工人的移民法規(guī)，這種抱怨不太可能會(huì)停止。因此可以得出目前需要解決的一個(gè)問題是修改農(nóng)場工人的移民法規(guī)。C選項(xiàng)意為美國農(nóng)場工人移民法規(guī)的缺陷需要解決，和原文含義一致因此C選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。

32.【答案】[D]  the aging of immigrant farm workers

【解析】題干為One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is       .原文第三段倒數(shù)第二句 And picking crops is hard on older bodies. 可知農(nóng)作物的活對(duì)于老人來說困難，而本句話的前幾句提到美國的農(nóng)場工人年齡上漲，現(xiàn)在一多半人是35歲以上的人，因此可知美國農(nóng)場勞動(dòng)力的一個(gè)問題是農(nóng)場工人老齡化。D選項(xiàng)為移民農(nóng)場農(nóng)人的老齡化，因此D選型為正確選項(xiàng)。

33.【答案】[B]  To get native U.S. workers back to farming.

【解析】根據(jù)題干What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?中的關(guān)鍵詞much-argued solution 定位到原文第三段最后一句 One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm. [B] 選項(xiàng) To get native U.S. workers back to farming. 和該句屬于同義替換，因此答案為B選項(xiàng)。

34【答案】[A]  slow graning procedures.

【解析】根據(jù)題干Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its        .定位到原文第六段第二句 Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. 但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)該句只提到了農(nóng)場雇主抱怨 H-2A visa 的事實(shí)，而并沒有給出題干所問農(nóng)場雇主抱怨 H-2A visa 的原因，而第三句The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. 提到這個(gè)過程是耗時(shí)的、昂貴的并且不可靠的。點(diǎn)名了農(nóng)場主抱怨的原因，A選項(xiàng)含義為緩慢的頒發(fā)流程，因此A選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。

35.【答案】[B]  Import Food or Labor?

【解析】題干為Which of the following could be the best title for this text？問的是本文最好的標(biāo)題屬于主旨題。原文首先提到美國農(nóng)場存在缺乏農(nóng)場工人的問題，之后討論了一些解決方法，并指出這些解決方法不可取，目前比較有效的方法是H-2A簽證給臨時(shí)農(nóng)場工人，但是H-2A簽證頒發(fā)的流程慢，需要解決，最后指出美國人需要進(jìn)口食物或者工人。因此可知本文最好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是B選項(xiàng)Import Food or Labor?“進(jìn)口食物或者勞動(dòng)力？”

2019年社工考研英語二真題及解析（36-40題）

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text 4

Amold Schwarzenegger. Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.

The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.

My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. One their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “ citizens” hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.

It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.

This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.

DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.

None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.

36. Some celebrities star in a new video to

A. demand new laws on the use of plastics

B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis

D. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis

37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may

A. mislead us into doing worthless things

B. prevent us from making further efforts

C. weaken our sense of accomplishment

D. suppress our desire for success

38. By pointing out out identity “citizens”, the author indicates that

A. our focus should be shifted to community welfare

B. our relationship with local industries is improving

C. We have been actively exercising our civil rights

D. We should press our government to lead the combat

39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be

A. a win-win arrangement

B. a self-driven mechanism

C. a cost-effective approach

D. a top down process

40. The author concludes that individual efforts

A. can be too aggressive

B. can be too inconsistent

C. are far from sufficient

D. are far from rational

36-40參考答案及解析：

36.【答案】B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

【解析】根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞“some celebrities star in a new video”回文定位首段的第三句話，即“They are part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastic crisis.”意思是“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者減少使用一次性塑料制品，從而對(duì)抗塑料危機(jī)”。仔細(xì)觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)B中的 “urge”一詞與原文中的 “encourage”一詞屬于同義替換，“cut the use of plastics”與原文中的 “swap out your single-use plastic staples”意思一致，所以正確答案即為B選項(xiàng)。

37.【答案】B. prevent us from making further efforts

【解析】題干中問作者擔(dān)憂“moral licensing”可能如何，利用引號(hào)中的關(guān)鍵詞定位，回到文章第三段最后一句， “they could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit”without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.”意為“他們沒有采取更大、更明顯、更有效的措施...”，仔細(xì)觀察選項(xiàng)，只有選項(xiàng)B中的”prevent us from making further efforts”，即“妨礙我們進(jìn)一步的行動(dòng)”，故而正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

38.【答案】D. We should press our governmental to lead the combat.

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“By pointing out our identity as“citizens”, the author indicates that”，我們可以定位到原文中的第四段，因?yàn)樵摱沃挥幸痪湓?，所以根?jù)關(guān)鍵信息我們只需要理解后半句 “rather than as “citizens”hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systematic change”，意即“而不是作為“市民”，去推動(dòng)我們的政府和行業(yè)去做出真正的系統(tǒng)性的改變”。意思就是作者希望政府自發(fā)作出改變來應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)下的情形，反觀選項(xiàng)，只有D選項(xiàng)表達(dá)出這一層含義，“我們應(yīng)該施壓于政府使其主導(dǎo)這場斗爭”。故而正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

39.【答案】D. a top down process

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的定位信息“DeSombre”以及“the best ways for a collective change”我們可以定位到文中的第五、六段，“Elizaberth R. DeSombre... for the change to be structural”，大意為這個(gè)教授認(rèn)為集體性的改變大多數(shù)人行為最好的方法就是使其變成結(jié)構(gòu)性的，第六段進(jìn)一步從市民和政府的角度，闡述了這種結(jié)構(gòu)化的改變。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，只有D選項(xiàng)“自上而下的過程”最為符合。

40.【答案】C. are far from sufficient

【解析】根據(jù)題干信息以及解題的順序原則，我們很快定位到最后一段，“None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about...We need progressive policies that shape collective action(and rein in polluting business), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change”。這段話都是作者的觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)下時(shí)間緊迫，我們需要改變看問題的角度，需要更為進(jìn)步的政策來推動(dòng)集體行動(dòng)以及熱心的市民參與進(jìn)來，單靠個(gè)人的努力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，這與C選項(xiàng)中的“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠”同義替換，故而正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

2019年社工考研英語二真題及解析（41-45題）

Part B

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have single demand: a backyard.

McClain’s little one aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.

While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.

The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.

“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.

Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.

Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.

Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.

Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.

Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.

The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.

“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”

Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.

Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with FitSmallBusiness.com.

“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”

This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.

41-45參考答案及解析：

41. [A] remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children

解析：首先我們通過Ryan Hooper可以定位到原文第四段Ryan的觀點(diǎn)句“The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control..”因此很容易就選到D選線。但是通過后面的解題，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)選線更適合做42題的答案。因此我們需要重新定位線索句，我們可以看到第五段也是他的觀點(diǎn)，“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves,...”與選線A 可進(jìn)行同義替換，因此，41題的正確答案為A。

42. [D] thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decision

解析：通過Adam Bailey定位到原文第七段與第八段。“Young children should feel like they’re choosing their home...decision making process”這一部分內(nèi)容都是D選項(xiàng)的同義替換。因此，42題的正確答案為D。

43. [C] advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions

解析：根據(jù)人名Taccey Hampson定位到原文第九段，段首句與段尾句均為線索句。段首句“Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children”與選項(xiàng)C可進(jìn)行同義替換，表達(dá)了說話者所持的否定觀點(diǎn)，考生千萬要注意選項(xiàng)中的否定詞not。因此43題的正確答案為C。

44. [G] assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media

解析：根據(jù)人名Aaron Norris定位到十一段“The other issue is that many children...may based their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows.”，我們能看到關(guān)鍵詞“HGTV shows”它能與G選線的“the media”進(jìn)行同義替換，兩者屬于上下義詞邏輯。因此，44題的正確選線為G。

45. [F] believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children’s needs rather than their opinions.

解析：根據(jù)人名Julie Gurner定位到十四段，“Parents need to remind their children....change over time”到第十五段句末“but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best.”在這一部分信息中，轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞“but rather”以及名詞“the needs”都是關(guān)鍵信息，剛好對(duì)應(yīng)了F選線“children’s needs rather than their opinion”。

2019年社工考研英語二真題及解析（46題）

Section Ⅲ Translation

46.Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.

46.參考答案及解析：

我們很容易低估英國作家吉米?哈利。他的作品秉承一種令人愉快的，易讀的風(fēng)格，以至于有人認(rèn)為任何人都可以模仿。很多次我聽到人們說：“我能寫一本書，我只是沒有時(shí)間?！闭f來容易，做來難。與大家所想的相反，早年吉米?哈利發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作并非易事，正如他所言“嘗試寫作游戲”。盡管很顯然他極具寫作天賦，但他呈現(xiàn)給世界的最終出版作品也是歷經(jīng)多年練習(xí)，重寫與閱讀的結(jié)果。與大多數(shù)作家一樣，一路走來，他經(jīng)歷了多次的失望與拒絕，但這一切使他更堅(jiān)定了獲得成功的決心。他生命中獲得的成就源于他的艱苦努力，他在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的成功絕非偶然。

【解析】第一句中，“It”屬于形式主語，代指后面的“underestimate English writer James Herriot”。在翻譯的過程中“It is easy to”可翻譯為“人們（或人們）很容易...”?！癊asily said. Not easily done”按照漢語的習(xí)慣，翻譯為“說來容易，做來難”即可。后半部分的翻譯，大家需要額外注意定語的處理“the final, published work that he gave to the world was the results of ...”這個(gè)句子的主干時(shí)“the work was the result of...”“he gave to the world”屬于定語從句，修飾與限定“the final, published work”。最后一句“no exception”，直譯表示“不是例外”，我們也可意譯為“他在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的成功絕非偶然。

2019年考研英語二真題及解析（47-48題寫作）

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email toSuppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of traffic. Write him an email to

1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and

2) Tell him about your arrangements.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.

Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

47.【作文范文】

Dear Prof. Smith,

It’s my pleasure to plan the debate on city traffic, and I am writing mainly to put forward advice on the topic of this debate and introduce my preliminary arrangements concerned.

To begin with, the debate can be conducted with the topic of “By Bus or By Bike” on the ground that a host of residents prefer convenient vehicles to reduce time cost under the background of increasingly heavy city traffic. Therefore, the participants in this debate can take an active part in it due to their real experience in daily life. Regarding the arrangements of the debate, it will be held in the auditorium on our campus Dec.28th,2018. Anyone interested in this debate can apply for participation at the Students’ Union Office before Dec. 24th. Finally, a watch will be awarded to the winner of the debate.

It will be highly appreciated if you could give me an early reply or some comments on my plan.

Yours sincerely,

Zhang Wei

【參考范文譯文】

尊敬的史密斯教授:

非常榮幸能夠組織這次有關(guān)城市交通的辯論。我寫信來主要是提議這次辯論的主題并介紹有關(guān)此次辯論的初步安排。

首先，這次辯論可以圍繞“開車還是騎車”展開，因?yàn)樵诔鞘薪煌ㄈ找鎿矶碌谋尘跋? 很多人更喜歡便捷的交通方式以節(jié)約時(shí)間成本。因此，這次辯論的參與者可以根據(jù)日常生活中的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)積極參與到辯論中來。關(guān)于這次辯論的安排：舉辦時(shí)間為2018年10月28日，地點(diǎn)在我校禮堂；獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邥?huì)得到一塊手表。

如果您給早日回復(fù)我或者給我提一些建議和意見，我會(huì)非常感激。

您真誠的，

張偉

【作文點(diǎn)評(píng)】

首先，從形式來講，2019考研英語（二）小作文的出題形式基本和歷年真題保持一致，給出一個(gè)簡要的指導(dǎo)，且依舊延續(xù)了歷年小作文兩點(diǎn)提綱的風(fēng)格。但是，不變中蘊(yùn)含的卻是變化，參加過考試的考生肯定在考場上就發(fā)現(xiàn)，2019考研英語（二）小作文的署名發(fā)生了變化，這就提醒廣大考生，考場上一定要仔細(xì)審題，不能放過題目中的任何信息。

其次，從難易程度上來看，2019考研英語（二）基本也和歷年真題持平。題目是圍繞一個(gè)有關(guān)城市交通的辯論展開的話題，具體來說就是一位史密斯教授讓“你”制定一個(gè)有關(guān)城市交通主題辯論的計(jì)劃，并寫出你對(duì)整場辯論的安排?！俺鞘薪煌ā笔琴N近考生生活的話題，所以，針對(duì)這一話題，廣大考生不用擔(dān)心缺乏行文思路，導(dǎo)致難以落筆。其次，有關(guān)辯論的安排，仔細(xì)分析，跟2013年以及2015年考研英語（二）小作文有相似之處。2013年是關(guān)于慈善義賣活動(dòng)的電子郵件，2015年是招募志愿者的夏令營的通知，涉及活動(dòng)必然要求寫明活動(dòng)起止時(shí)間、持續(xù)時(shí)間以及活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)。不過，從另一方面來看，2019考研英語（二）小作文可能困擾考生的地方在于“debate”一詞，該詞對(duì)基礎(chǔ)扎實(shí)的考生構(gòu)不成威脅，但對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)薄弱的學(xué)生可能是致命一擊，所以，單詞是考研英語備考的基石。此外，另一個(gè)需要注意的點(diǎn)便是“arrangement”一詞，該詞是可數(shù)名詞，通常使用復(fù)數(shù)，若考生在行文中提出多點(diǎn)安排，必須使用該詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式“arrangements”。

Part B

48.Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should

1)interpret the chart, and

2)give your comments

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

48.【作文范文】

The graph shows that changes in the choices of graduates of a certain university in fives time from 2013 to 2018. According to the bar charts, a significant portion of students sought employment after graduation, this portion accounts 68% in 2013 and dropped slightly to 60% in 2018. And a modest portion of graduates wanted to pursue further education, with the number grew sightly from 26% to 34% in five years time. Of the three choices, setting up a company was obviously the minority’s choice. as it is shown, only 1.3% choose to start a business and the figure rose to 2.6% at the end of the period.

The reasons behind might be as follows. Most students would prefer to find a job so that they could gain the skills and experience that are crucial for a brighter career path; Besides, most jobs only require that applicants have bachelor degree so most graduates are qualified. Despite of that, the competition for well-paid jobs is still fierce, accompanied with universities’ policy to expand the number of postgraduates, more students choose to pursue higher degree. At last, it is very challenging to start a businiess for graduates who lack the resources and experience, so that number was very small. With more favorable conditions provided by government to encourage high-technology start-ups, some graduates were willing to take the opportunity to become entrepreneurs.

Overall, from 2013 to 2018, majority of students found employment after graduation and the number fell slightly. A smaller number choose to pursue higher degree, and the smallest number choose to start a business, though the last two groups saw a light growth.

【參考范文譯文】

柱狀圖顯示了在2013年到2018年間某高校學(xué)生畢業(yè)之后選擇的變化。絕大部份學(xué)生選擇畢業(yè)之后找工作，2013年，這部分占了68% 到了2018年略有下降，降到了60%。 畢業(yè)之后選擇繼續(xù)深造的人數(shù)居中，并略有上升，從26%上升到34%，畢業(yè)后選擇創(chuàng)業(yè)的人數(shù)最少，但也有上升趨勢(shì)， 從1.3%上升到2.6%。

背后的原因是，大部分選擇工作，這樣能夠獲得技能和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為以后職業(yè)道路鋪路；另外大多數(shù)崗位對(duì)學(xué)歷的要求是本科學(xué)位，大多數(shù)人都能夠滿足這個(gè)要求。但是由于好的崗位競爭仍然激烈，所以選擇深造的人數(shù)雖沒有第一類多，但是還是有所上升。第三類人數(shù)最少，因?yàn)閯?chuàng)業(yè)需要資源和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，要求很高，但是有政府的鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)業(yè)的政策，還是有更多的人投入到創(chuàng)業(yè)當(dāng)中，但是人數(shù)仍然是三者當(dāng)中最少的。

綜上所述，畢業(yè)工作的人最多，人數(shù)略有下降，深造的居中創(chuàng)業(yè)的人最少。

【作文點(diǎn)評(píng)】

在描述柱狀圖的時(shí)候，需要描寫增加或者減少，同時(shí)還要描寫趨勢(shì)和狀態(tài)，接下來給大家提供一些如何描寫這些變化的句子。

表示增減的動(dòng)詞：increase, go up, rise, soar up /decrease, decline, dwindle, reduce.

開頭的句子：

1.the number data show---used at the beginning of the introduction or body paragraph

2.the first...shows .... while the second... shows ---used at the beginning of the introduction when there are two sets of data.

3.the number of ... follows a remarkably similar trend---used at the beginning of a body

paragraph to provide an overview when two ore more sets of data display similar trends

描述趨勢(shì)的句子：

4.increased through out the period from.. to .. implies that the graph is linear

5.the number /amount of ...varied form